Nível de conhecimento do profissional de educação física sobre prescrição de exercício de aeróbio e doenças crônicas / Nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales de la educación física sobre la prescripción del ejercicio aeróbico y las enfermedades crónicas / Level of knowledge of physical education professionals about aerobic exercise prescription and chronic diseases

Objetivo: A prática regular de exercício aeróbio é fundamental para a saúde de adultos saudáveis, idosos e no controle de doenças crônicas e agravos nãotransmissíveis. Entretanto, deve ser prescrito segundo as diretrizes mundiais específicas para cada população. o objetivo era investigar o conhecimentodos profissionais de Educação Física atuantes em academias de ginástica em relação aos critérios que compõe a prescrição de exercício aeróbio parapessoas com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas e agravos não transmissíveis. Métodos: 610 profissionais de Educação Física atuantes em academias de São Paulo foram avaliados. O nível de conhecimento sobre as recomendações daprescrição do exercício aeróbio foi avaliado por meio de questionário construído para esse estudo. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do testeQui-Quadrado com significância de 5%. Resultados: O maior percentual de acerto ocorreu para prescrição do exercício aeróbio para Obesidade (49.2%) seguido por Diabetes tipo 2 (41.5%). Poroutro lado, o conhecimento sobre o Câncer (6.9%) apresentou o menor percentual de acerto. Outro resultado que merece destaque foi que, exceto paraSíndrome Metabólica (21%), o maior percentual de acerto foi observado para os critérios frequência semanal e duração do exercício aeróbio. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos profissionais de Educação Física em relação à recomendação para prescrição do exercício aeróbio foi significativamentemaior para obesos comparado a câncer, Diabetes tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica.(AU)

Objective: Regular practice of aerobic exercise is critical to control of chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries. However, the world-specificguidelines for each population must be prescribed second. The aim was to investigate the knowledge of physical education professionals working ingymnasiums in relation to the criteria that make up the prescription of aerobic exercise for people diagnosed with chronic non-communicable diseasesand injuries. Methods: 610 Physical Education professionals working in academies in São Paulo were evaluated. The knowledge of the recommendation of the aerobicexercise prescription was evaluated through a questionnaire built for this study. The chi square test was used to analyze data with significance of p <0.05.Results: The highest values for correct answers was found to prescription of aerobic exercise for obesity (49.2%) followed by type 2 diabetes (41.5%). Onthe other hand, knowledge about Cancer (6.9%) had the lowest percentage of correct answers. Another result worth mentioning was that, except forMetabolic Syndrome (21%), the highest percentage of correct answers was observed for the weekly frequency and duration criteria. Conclusion: The knowledge of Physical Education professionals regarding the recommendation to prescribe aerobic exercise was significantly higher forobese compared to cancer, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.(AU)

Objetivo: La práctica regular de ejercicio aeróbico es fundamental para la salud de adultos sanos, ancianos y para el control de enfermedades crónicas yenfermedades no transmisibles. Sin embargo, debe prescribirse de acuerdo con pautas globales específicas para cada población. El objetivo fue investigarel conocimiento de los profesionales de Educación Física que actúan en los gimnasios en relación a los criterios que componen la prescripción delejercicio aeróbico para personas diagnosticadas con enfermedades crónicas y enfermedades no transmisibles.Métodos: Fueron evaluados 610 profesionales de Educación Física que actúan en gimnasios de São Paulo. El nivel de conocimiento sobre lasrecomendaciones de prescripción de ejercicio aeróbico se evaluó mediante un cuestionario construido para este estudio. El análisis de datos se realizómediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado con una significación del 5%.Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de aciertos se presentó para la prescripción de ejercicio aeróbico para la Obesidad (49.2%) seguido de Diabetes Tipo 2(41.5%). Por otro lado, el conocimiento sobre Cáncer (6.9%) tuvo el menor porcentaje de aciertos. Otro resultado digno de mención fue que, conexcepción del Síndrome Metabólico (21%), el mayor porcentaje de respuestas correctas se observó para los criterios frecuencia semanal y duración delejercicio aeróbico.Conclusión: El conocimiento de los profesionales de Educación Física sobre la recomendación de prescripción de ejercicio aeróbico fue significativamentemayor para obesos en comparación con cáncer, Diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico.(AU)

Telephone-Delivered Physiotherapy Interventions Improve Physical Function for Adults With a Chronic Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of telephone-delivered physiotherapy interventions to improve lower extremity physical function and walking in adults aged ≥45 years with a chronic condition. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted using health databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) up to April 26, 2020. Reference lists of relevant studies were explored to identify additional studies. STUDY SELECTION: The original search resulted in 3465 studies. Five other studies were included from hand searches. After duplicates were removed, 2820 studies remained. Title and abstract screening was completed independently by 2 authors and resulted in the exclusion of 2596 studies. The full-texts of the remaining 224 articles were assessed and 204 studies were excluded. Twenty articles were examined. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted independently by 2 authors, including study, population, and intervention details; assessment timings; outcome characteristics; appropriateness of statistical methods; adverse events; and reasons for loss to follow-up. Study quality was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty studies were included in the systematic review. One study was not meta-analyzed owing to insufficient data. Telephone-delivered physiotherapy had a small to moderate effect on distance walked compared with control groups with no exercise intervention (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00-0.56; I2, 45%) and no effect when compared with control groups with an exercise intervention not delivered by telephone (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.36; I2, 0%). CONCLUSION: Telephone-delivered physiotherapy may be an effective method to improve walking. Further research is required to validate these findings.

Association Between Children With Life-Threatening Conditions and Their Parents' and Siblings' Mental and Physical Health.

Importance: Despite concerns regarding the potential deleterious physical and mental health outcomes among family members of a child with a life-threatening condition (LTC), few studies have examined empirical measures of health outcomes among these family members. Objectives: To examine whether mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers of children with 1 of 4 types of pediatric LTCs have higher rates of health care encounters, diagnoses, and prescriptions compared with families of children without these conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included US families with commercial insurance coverage from a single carrier. Children who had 1 of 4 LTCs (substantial prematurity, critical congenital heart disease, cancer, or a condition resulting in severe neurologic impairment) were identified by a diagnosis in their insurance claim data between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2016. Each case child and their family was matched with up to 4 control children and their families based on the age of the case and control children. Data were analyzed between August 2020 and March 2021. Exposures: Having a child or sibling with substantial prematurity, critical congenital heart disease, cancer, or a condition resulting in severe and progressive neurologic impairment. Main Outcomes: Rates of occurrence of health care encounters, physical and mental health diagnoses, and physical and mental health medication prescriptions, identified from insurance claims data, were compared between case and control families using a multivariable negative binomial regression model. The statistical analysis adjusted for observed differences between case and control families and accounted for clustering at the family level. Results: The study included 25 528 children (6909 case children [27.1%] and 18 619 control children [72.9%]; median age, 6.0 years [IQR, 1-13 years]; 13 294 [52.1%] male), 43 357 parents (11 586 case parents [26.7%] and 31 771 control parents [73.3%]; mean [SD] age, 40.4 [8.1] years; 22 318 [51.5%] female), and 25 706 siblings (7664 case siblings [29.8%] and 18 042 control siblings [70.2%]; mean [SD] age, 12.1 [6.5] years; 13 114 [51.0%] male). Overall, case mothers had higher rates of the composite outcome of health care encounters, diagnoses, and prescriptions compared with control mothers (incident rate ratio [IRR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.54-1.68), as did case fathers compared with control fathers (IRR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.46-1.64). Sisters of children with LTCs had higher rates of the composite outcome compared with sisters of children without LTCs (IRR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.55-1.82), as did brothers of children with LTCs compared with brothers of children without LTCs (IRR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.56-1.85). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers who had a child or sibling with 1 of 4 types of LTCs had higher rates of health care encounters, diagnoses, and medication prescriptions compared with families who did not have a child with that condition. The findings suggest that family members of children with LTCs may experience poorer mental and physical health outcomes. Interventions for parents and siblings of children with LTCs that aim to safeguard their mental and physical well-being appear to be warranted.

Therapist perceptions of the Danish Physiotherapy Research Database for assessing patients with chronic disease.

BACKGROUND: The Danish Physiotherapy Research Database for chronic patients receiving Free of Charge Physiotherapy (PhysDB-FCP) was piloted over a 1-year period. The purpose of the PhysDB-FCP is to provide a user friendly digital online structured tool that standardizes initial and follow up clinical assessments generating data that can be used for clinical decision making and support future research in physiotherapy for patients with chronic disease. Although initial assessments were completed, the attrition rate was 73% and 90% at 3- and 6- months, respectively, which suggests problems with the current tool. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perspectives of the physiotherapists that used the PhysDB-FCP and propose changes to the tool based on this feedback. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty of the 103 physiotherapists introduced to the PhysDB-FCP completed an anonymous online survey. Physiotherapists were asked Likert/categorical and yes/no questions on experiences with the PhysDB-FCP within their practice, perceptions of patient experiences, suitability of the resources and support provided by the PhysDB-FCP working group and the ideal administration frequency of the assessments within the PhysDB-FCP. Open ended feedback on possible improvements to the PhysDB-FCP was also collected. RESULTS: Physiotherapists agreed that the PhysDB-FCP was useful for taking a physiotherapy assessment (74%) and the patient survey was useful for goal setting (72%). Although physiotherapists felt the PhysDB-FCP was well-defined (82%), only 36% would like to use a similar tool again. Generally, the PhysDB-FCP was too time-consuming, administered too frequently and included irrelevant items. For example, 72% of physiotherapists took >45 min to administer the assessment in the first consultation which was performed over multiple sessions. CONCLUSIONS: The perspectives of physiotherapists using The PhysDB-FCP suggest specific changes that will ensure better use of the tool in future practice. Changes will likely involve administering the assessment less frequently (every 6-months to 1-year), shortening the assessment, and using diagnosis-specific assessment items.

Neck-related function and its connection with disability in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: More than 40% of individuals with whiplash injury experience persistent neck pain and disability years later, called whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). A randomized controlled trial evaluated three exercise interventions in WAD and found that neck-specific exercise (NSE) and NSE with a behavioral approach (NSEB) significantly improve disability compared to prescribed physical activity (PPA). However, the relationship between neck-related function and disability is inconclusive and needs to be further investigated. AIM: The present study compares the effect of NSE, NSEB, and PPA on neck muscle endurance (NME), active cervical range of motion (AROM), grip strength, and pain intensity immediately before and after the physical tests, and neck disability in individuals who are below or above the cut-off for normative reference values regarding NME, AROM, and grip strength. DESIGN: Follow-up to a multicenter randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Primary healthcare centers and hospital outpatient services. POPULATION: The selected population of this study included 216 patients with persistent WAD grades II and III. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis including 12 months' follow-up. NME, AROM, grip strength, pain, and self-reported disability were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Linear mixed models were used, and sub-group analyses evaluated by non-parametric tests. RESULTS: NSE and NSEB resulted in greater improvements compared to PPA (P<0.01) in ventral (only males) and dorsal NME, AROM, and pain intensity during testing. We found no significant between-group differences in grip strength and no significant differences between the NSE and NSEB groups. Improvement in disability was seen at the 12-month follow-up of NSE and/or NSEB for individuals both below and above the cut-off reference values for NME and AROM. Individuals in the PPA group below the reference values for NME and AROM reported increasing disability at 12 months compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that neck-specific exercises (i.e., NSE, NSEB) improve clinical function and decrease disability in chronic WAD compared to PPA, but PPA can increase disability for patients with low neck-related function. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Higher neck-related function seems to be important for reduced disability in persistent WAD grades II and III. Neck-specific exercises could lead to higher neck-related function.

La telerehabilitación durante la pandemia COVID-19: experiencia de las familias de niños con condiciones crónicas complejas / Telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of families of children with complex chronic conditions

La telerehabilitación ha sido una solución rápida y efectiva para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia COVID-19. Nuestro objetivo ha sido describir la experiencia de las familias de niños con condiciones crónicas complejas (CCC) asistidos con la modalidad de telerehabilitación durante la pandemia. Materiales y métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de tipo encuesta online. Se encuestaron familias de niños (1 mes a 5 años de edad) con al menos una CCC que recibieron seguimiento interdisciplinario a distancia durante la pandemia de 2 o más áreas de rehabilitación (kinesiología, fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional) pertenecientes al Servicio de Kinesiología del Hospital de Pediatría Juan P Garrahan, durante marzo a octubre de 2020. Resultados: El 88,3% de los participantes (n=43) se expresó satisfecho con la modalidad de telerehabilitación. Entre los facilitadores seleccionados por los participantes se mencionan la reducción de tiempos, mayor frecuencia de consultas, disminución de gastos por traslados y mayor comodidad, mientras que entre las barreras se destacaron: el no vínculo con profesionales, alargue en tiempos de tratamiento, problemas de conectividad. El análisis estadístico no indicó diferencias significativas entre quienes se reportaron como más satisfechos según su estrato social (alto o bajo), la disponibilidad de wifi propio, o respecto a la edad del niño. Se reportaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la distancia al hospital (p=0.034). Conclusión: Esta forma de intervención ofreció nuevas posibilidades de atención que podrían considerarse a futuro en el seguimiento de nuestros pacientes. (AU)

Telerehabilitation has been a fast and effective solution in patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to describe the experience of families of children with complex chronic conditions (CCC) treated through telerehabilitation during the pandemic. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, online survey study was conducted. Families of children (1 month to 5 years of age) with at least one CCC who received interdisciplinary remote follow-up during the pandemic from two or more rehabilitation areas (physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy) belonging to the Department of Physical Therapy of Hospital de Pediatría Juan P Garrahan, from March to October 2020, were surveyed. Results: 88.3% of the participants (n=43) expressed satisfaction with the telerehabilitation modality. Among the facilitators selected by the participants, the following were mentioned: time saving, greater frequency of consultations, reduction of travel expenses and greater comfort, while among the barriers, the following stood out: no connection with the professionals, longer treatment times, connectivity problems. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between those who reported being more satisfied according to socioeconomic level (high or low), availability of their own wifi connection, or age of the child. A significant difference was found for distance to the hospital (p=0.034). Conclusion: This type of intervention provided new possibilities of care that could be considered in the future follow-up of our patients (AU)

Postoperative Rehabilitation of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review.

Chronic lateral ankle instability often causes adults to require a surgical intervention with subsequent physical therapy to assist with returning to their prior level of function. This systematic review is hoping to provide an up to date understanding of surgical procedures performed to correct chronic lateral ankle instability and establish a protocol for others to follow when treating adults who are status-post chronic lateral ankle instability surgery. This review looked at level I to III research studies that included surgical interventions to correct chronic lateral ankle instability as well as a rehabilitation protocol. This study found implementation of a rehabilitation protocol after surgical intervention could improve balance and subjective functional outcomes. It also determined that early weight-bearing may allow for early strengthening as range of motion returns faster. Further research is required utilizing larger randomized studies to better evaluate the outcomes of specific rehabilitation protocols in this patient population.

The effects of stroboscopic balance training on cortical activities in athletes with chronic ankle instability.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of a 6-week stroboscopic balance training program on cortical activities in athletes with chronic ankle instability. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Single-center. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-nine participants were assigned to the strobe group (SG, n = 13), non-strobe group (NSG, n = 13), and control group (CG, n = 13). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cortical activity and balance velocity were evaluated while the athletes were on the HUBER balance device. Electroencephalographic measurements of cortical activity were made at the transition from bipedal stance to single-leg stance. RESULTS: The SG showed significant increases in Cz theta and alpha values and COP-v (center of pressure velocity) between pretest and posttest (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001). Posttest Cz theta was significantly higher in the SG compared to the CG (p = 0.009) and posttest Cz alpha was significantly higher in the SG compared to the NSG (p = 0.039) and CG (p = 0.001). Posttest COP-v was significantly higher in the SG than in the CG (p = 0.031) and NSG (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Stroboscopic training may be clinically beneficial to improve balance parameters in athletes with CAI, and may have utility in sport-specific activity phases of rehabilitation to reduce visual input and increase motor control.

Efficacy of a Brief, Peer-Delivered Self-management Intervention for Patients With Rare Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients coping with rare diseases need psychosocial support. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a brief, transdiagnostic, peer-delivered intervention for patients with rare diseases in addition to care as usual (CAU) compared with CAU only. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this 2-group randomized clinical trial conducted from October 5, 2017, to July 12, 2019, patients were recruited via specialized clinics and patient organizations across Germany and participated from home. The study included consecutive adult patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, Marfan syndrome, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension who have limited functionality because of the disease. Exclusion criteria were a life-threatening health status and ongoing psychotherapeutic treatment. Of 143 patients screened for eligibility with a semistructured telephone interview, 54 were excluded, and 89 were randomized: 45 patients were randomly allocated to the peer-delivered intervention group, and 44 to the control group; 87 patients (98%) completed the 6-month follow-up assessment. The analysis was performed using an intention-to-treat principle. Data cleansing and analysis were conducted between April 25, 2019, and February 13, 2020. Interventions: The 6-week intervention consisted of a self-help book and telephone-based peer counseling in addition to CAU. The control group received CAU alone. Peer counselors received training, structured consultation guidelines, and supervision. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was acceptance of the disease as assessed using the Illness Cognition Questionnaire (ICQ; mean sum scores range from 0 to 18, with higher values representing more acceptance) 6 months after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included self-reported coping strategies (Health Education Impact Questionnaire), illness cognition (ICQ and Illness Perception Questionnaire), depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale), anxiety severity (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale), quality of life (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey), and social support (Social Support Questionnaire). Outcomes were assessed before the intervention, after the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 89 participating patients was 46.3 (14.9) years; 59 (66%) were women. There were no group differences regarding baseline variables. All patients allocated to the intervention group completed the intervention. Six months after the intervention, but not directly after completing the program, the intervention group had significantly higher rates of acceptance (ICQ) of the disease (primary outcome) compared with the CAU group. Mean (SD) baseline ICQ scores were 9.61 (3.79) in the control group and 9.86 (3.40) in the intervention group. Mean (SE) ICQ scores at 6 months were 10.32 (0.42) for the control group and 11.79 (0.42) for the intervention group, with a significant mean difference of -1.47 (95% CI, -2.63 to -0.31; P = .01). Several secondary outcomes, including different coping strategies, social support, and mental quality of life, were significantly higher after the intervention compared with the control group. Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, a self-help and peer counseling intervention improved patients' acceptance of their rare chronic diseases. Self-management and peer support can efficiently address the unique care needs of patients with rare diseases. Trial Registration: isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN13738704.

Creatine in Health and Disease.

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised. This systematic review assesses the peer-reviewed scientific and medical evidence related to creatine's role in promoting general health as we age and how creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional strategy to help individuals recover from injury and/or manage chronic disease. Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.

Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs for Chronic Heart Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation is a medically supervised program after coronary events that involves exercise and dietary modification. We evaluated the comparative benefits and harms of cardiac rehabilitation strategies via a network meta-analysis. METHODS: We followed a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018094998). We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Trials databases for randomized controlled trials that evaluated cardiac rehabilitation vs a second form of rehabilitation or standard/usual care in adults after myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, or angiography. Risk of bias and evidence quality was evaluated using the Cochrane tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectively. Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed for 11 clinical outcomes. RESULTS: We included 134 randomized controlled trials involving 62,322 participants. Compared with standard care, exercise-only cardiac rehabilitation reduced the odds of cardiovascular mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% credibility interval [CrI], 0.51-0.96; moderate-quality evidence), major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 0.57; 95% CrI, 0.40-0.78; low-quality evidence), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR, 0.71; 95% CrI, 0.54-0.93; moderate-quality evidence), all-cause hospitalization (OR, 0.74; 95% CrI, 0.54-0.98; moderate-quality evidence), and cardiovascular hospitalization (OR, 0.69; 95% CrI, 0.51-0.88; moderate-quality evidence). Exercise-only cardiac rehabilitation was associated with lower cardiovascular hospitalization risk relative to cardiac rehabilitation without exercise (OR, 0.68; 95% CrI, 0.48-0.97; moderate-quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac rehabilitation programs containing exercise might provide broader cardiovascular benefits compared with those without exercise.

Randomised controlled trial of an augmented exercise referral scheme using web-based behavioural support for inactive adults with chronic health conditions: the e-coachER trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether adding web-based support (e-coachER) to an exercise referral scheme (ERS) increases objectively assessed physical activity (PA). DESIGN: Multicentre trial with participants randomised to usual ERS alone (control) or usual ERS plus e-coachER (intervention). SETTING: Primary care and ERS in three UK sites from 2015 to 2018. PARTICIPANTS: 450 inactive ERS referees with chronic health conditions. INTERVENTIONS: Participants received a pedometer, PA recording sheets and a user guide for the web-based support. e-coachER interactively encouraged the use of the ERS and other PA options. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary and key secondary outcomes were: objective moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes (in ≥10 min bouts and without bouts), respectively, after 12 months. Secondary outcomes were: other accelerometer-derived and self-reported PA measures, ERS attendance, EQ-5D-5L, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and beliefs about PA. All outcomes were collected at baseline, 4 and 12 months. Primary analysis was an intention to treat comparison between intervention and control arms at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: There was no significant effect of the intervention on weekly MVPA at 12 months between the groups recorded in ≥10 min bouts (mean difference 11.8 min of MVPA, 95% CI: -2.1 to 26.0; p=0.10) or without bouts (mean difference 13.7 min of MVPA, 95% CI: -26.8 to 54.2; p=0.51) for 232 participants with usable data. There was no difference in the primary or secondary PA outcomes at 4 or 12 months. CONCLUSION: Augmenting ERS referrals with web-based behavioural support had only a weak, non-significant effect on MVPA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN15644451.

Nested graft for chronic ulcer in scar tissue after heroin extravasation in a drug addict.

INTRODUCTION: Nested graft is a surgical technique that allows to manage difficult-to-treat medical conditions such as chronic cutaneous ulcers, thanks to the high efficacy it has in reverting the fibroblasts senescence. Because of its peculiar regenerative property, nested graft is a surgical technique suitable also for the treatment of cutaneous ulcers developing on fibrotic scar tissue. CASE REPORT: We reported the case of a 45-year-old man, drug-addict, with a large ulcer on the back of the right forearm in the context of scar fibrotic tissue. This lesion resulted from a previous heroin extravasation treated with a dermo-epidermal skin graft, that was accidentally scratched away by mechanical trauma. After several therapeutic failures with topical medications, we decided to treat the ulcer performing a skin graft using the nested graft technique. No adverse events were reported by the patient during or after the surgery. At the clinical evaluation performed three years later the wound was completely healed. CONCLUSIONS: Nested graft represents a safe and easy-to-use technique that can be successfully used to treat ulcers on scar tissue, ensuring the achievement and the long-term maintenance of optimal resistance and aesthetic results.

Transição do cuidado de usuários com doenças crônicas do serviço de emergência para a casa: continuidade do cuidado na rede de atenção à saúde / Care transitions of users with chronic diseases from emergency department to home: the continuity of care in healthcare network

Introdução: A transição do cuidado visa assegurar a coordenação e a continuidade dos cuidados de saúde na transferência de pacientes entre os diferentes serviços que contemplam a Rede de Atenção à Saúde, prevenindo readmissões hospitalares não planejadas e reduzindo custos. As ações desenvolvidas durante a transição do cuidado promovem suporte para os pacientes quando estes necessitam de atendimento em serviços de emergência. Objetivo: Analisar a transição do cuidado, na perspectiva de usuários com Doenças Crônicas Não-Transmissíveis que receberam alta de um serviço de emergência para a Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal, com abordagem de métodos mistos incorporados, desenvolvido em três etapas, com 364 pacientes com Doenças Crônicas Não-Transmissíveis que agudizaram suas condições e passaram por atendimento em um serviço de emergência de um hospital de nível quaternário do estado de São Paulo/Brasil, com coleta de dados realizada no período de dezembro de 2018 a junho de 2019. Na primeira etapa, foram caracterizados os participantes considerando variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, através do Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente e, posteriormente, complementados durante o contato telefônico na segunda e terceira etapas, caso houvesse necessidade; para a análise de dados desta etapa foi aplicada análise descritiva das variáveis categóricas e cálculo de medidas de posição e dispersão para as variáveis contínuas. A segunda e terceira etapas foram realizadas de forma concomitantemente, por meio de contato telefônico utilizando a versão adaptada do instrumento Care Transitions Measure (CTM-Brasil); durante a aplicação, os participantes possuíam liberdade para falar sobre situações vividas que consideravam pertinentes e, após o término da aplicação do CTM-Brasil, foi feita uma pergunta disparadora estimulando-os a complementarem suas entrevistas; a análise de dados da segunda etapa foi feita respeitando as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento, obtendo-se uma média simples de resposta de cada item, bem como a média da escala total e por fator; as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos participantes foram associadas e correlacionadas à qualidade da transição do cuidado, com nível de significância estatística de 5%. Para análise da terceira etapa, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática, onde as categorias encontradas foram: TEMA 1 - Etapas do processo de alta hospitalar (Subtema I Preparação para o autogerenciamento; Subtema II Entendimento sobre medicações; Subtema III Preferências asseguradas; Subtema IV Plano de cuidado); TEMA 2 - Influência do ambiente hospitalar no cuidado prestado ao usuário; TEMA 3 - Avaliação do serviço e da assistência prestada pelo serviço de emergência ao usuário e TEMA 4 - Continuidade do cuidado aos usuários na Rede de Atenção à Saúde municipal. Após o término da análise dos resultados da segunda e terceira etapas, foi realizada a integração do resultado qualitativo ao quantitativo. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino, idosos, casados, de baixa escolaridade, moradores da zona norte, apresentavam mais de uma morbidade, sendo que 80,4% possuíam complicações relacionadas às patologias; o diagnóstico mais prevalente foi o de doenças cardiovasculares; 92,5% faziam uso de medicamentos para tratamento, 83,5% frequentavam a UBS e todos os participantes tiveram pelo menos um atendimento prévio no serviço de emergência no último ano; 27,7% reinternou pelo menos uma vez em um período de até 60 dias pós-alta do serviço de emergência; a média de escore do CTM-Brasil foi de 79,92 indicando nível elevado de qualidade na transição do cuidado, sendo que o fator que obteve os melhores escores foi o de preparação para autogerenciamento de saúde no domicílio e o fator com menor escore foi o de garantia das preferências do paciente. Foram identificadas apenas associações entre os escores do CTM-Brasil com as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos participantes, não havendo significância estatística com readmissões no serviço de emergência em 60 dias pós-alta, bem como na frequência de readmissões não planejadas. Todavia, ao integrar os métodos mistos, demonstra-se que, mesmo que a média do escore do CTM-Brasil tenha sido alta, os participantes, em suas falas, fizeram importantes críticas relacionadas ao processo de transição do cuidado realizado no serviço de emergência para a rede, bem como do atendimento recebido e as condições às quais eles foram expostos durante internação, o que reforça a necessidade do uso do CTM-Brasil ser associado a outros indicadores de qualidade da assistência recebida nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Aponta-se para a necessidade de abordar adequadamente as questões de humanização do cuidado, planejamento de alta, educação em saúde, comunicação eficaz, de forma a desenvolver melhores estratégias para suprir as fragilidades da transição do cuidado, qualificando-a para prover o autogerenciamento em saúde, fornecimento de informações quanto ao uso adequado de medicamentos, incorporação das metas e expectativas dos pacientes e cuidadores na tomada de decisão e encaminhamento ágil e eficaz para continuidade do cuidado na Rede de Atenção à Saúde.

Introduction: Care transitions aims to ensure coordination and continuity of care in the patients' transfer between the different services of Healthcare Network, preventing unplanned hospital readmissions and reducing costs. The actions developed during the care transition promote support for patients when they need assistance in emergency departments. Objective: To analyze the care transitions, from the perspective of users with chronic non-communicable diseases who were discharged from an emergency department to the Healthcare Network. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a mixed method approach, developed in three stages, with 364 patients with chronic non-communicable diseases who had received hospital discharged from an emergency department of a quaternary-level hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from December 2018 to June 2019. In the first stage, participants were characterized considering sociodemographic and clinical variables, through the medical records systems and, after, complemented during telephone contact in the second and third stages; for the data analysis of this stage, a descriptive analysis of categorical variables was applied and calculation of position and dispersion measures for continuous variables. The second and third stages were carried out concurrently, through telephone contact using the adapted version of the Care Transitions Measure (CTM-Brazil) instrument; during the application, the participants were free to talk about lived situations that they considered pertinent and, after the end of the application of CTM-Brazil, a triggering question was asked encouraging them to complement their interviews; the data analysis of the second stage was carried out respecting the psychometric properties of the instrument, obtaining a simple average response for each item, as well as the average of the total scale and by factor; the participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were associated and correlated with the quality of the care transition, with a level of statistical significance of 5%. For analysis of third stage, the content analysis was chosen, thematic modality, where the categories found were: THEME 1 - Stages of hospital discharge process (Subtheme I - Preparation for self-management; Subtheme II - Understanding about medications; Subtheme III - Preferences assured; Subtheme IV - Care plan); THEME 2 - Influence of the hospital environment on care provided to user; THEME 3 - Evaluation of the service and assistance provided by the emergency department to the user and THEME 4 - Continuity of care in the municipal Healthcare Network. After the analysis of the results of the second and third stages was completed, the qualitative and quantitative results were integrated. Results: Most of the participants were male, elderly, married, with low education, living in the northern area, more than one morbidity; 80.4% having complications to pathologies; the most prevalent diagnosis was cardiovascular disease; 92.5% used medication for treatment, 83.5% attended in basic health units and all participants had at least one previous medical treatment in the emergency department in the last year; 27.7% of patients readmitted at least once in a period of up to 60 days after discharge from the emergency department. The average score of the CTM-Brazil was 79.92, indicating a high level of quality in care transition; the factor that obtained highest's scores being the preparation for self-management of health at home and the factor with the worst score was the guaranteeing patient preferences. Only associations were identified between the scores of CTM-Brazil with the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants, but, with no statistical significance with readmissions to the emergency department at 60 days post-discharge, as well as the frequency of unplanned readmissions. Conclusion: It points to the need to adequately address the issues of humanization of care, discharge planning, health education, effective communication, in order to develop better strategies to address the weaknesses of the care transition, qualifying it to provide self-management in health, providing information on the proper use of medicines, incorporating the goals and expectations of patients and caregivers in decision-making and agile and effective referral for continuity of care in the Healthcare Network

Contextual factors of self-regulation in children and adolescents with chronic diseases - a qualitative analysis.

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, the prevalence of chronic diseases in children and adolescents has increased significantly. Contextual factors play a central role in the self-regulation of chronic diseases. They influence illness and treatment representations, disease management, and health outcomes. While previous studies have investigated the influence of contextual factors on children's beliefs about their illness, little is known about subjective contextual factors of treatment representations of children and adolescents with chronic diseases, especially in the context of rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative analysis was to examine the contextual factors reported by chronically ill children and adolescents in relation to their treatment representations. Furthermore, we aimed to assign the identified themes to classifications of environmental and personal contextual factors in the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHODS: Between July and September 2018, semi-structured interviews were conducted with N = 13 children and adolescents in rehabilitation to explore their rehab-related treatment representations and associated contextual factors. The interviews started with an open narrative question about expectations and beliefs about rehabilitation, followed by further detailed questions. The interviews were recorded on audio tape, transcribed, and analysed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Participants raised six themes associated with their rehab-related treatment representations that were interpreted as contextual factors: the living situation before rehabilitation, the idea of rehabilitation, previous solution attempts, rehab pre-experiences, information that the children and adolescents received from the clinic or sought themselves, and the assumed attitudes of their parents concerning rehabilitation. All the themes could be assigned to the classification of environmental and personal factors in the context of the ICF for children and youth. CONCLUSIONS: Although contextual factors have an important impact on self-regulation, little attention is paid to their investigation. Personal and environmental factors probably influence patients' treatment representations in terms of expectations and concerns as well as emotions regarding the treatment. Considering contextual factors could lead to the more appropriate allocation of medical care and the better customisation of treatment.

Exploratory study of how Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation restores parietal operculum connectivity and improves upper limb movements in chronic stroke.

Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation (CMR) is a promising therapy for upper limb recovery in stroke, but the brain mechanisms are unknown. We previously demonstrated that the parietal operculum (parts OP1/OP4) is activated with CMR exercises. In this exploratory study, we assessed the baseline difference between OP1/OP4 functional connectivity (FC) at rest in stroke versus healthy adults to then explore whether CMR affects OP1/OP4 connectivity and sensorimotor recovery after stroke. We recruited 8 adults with chronic stroke and left hemiplegia/paresis and 22 healthy adults. Resting-state FC with the OP1/OP4 region-of-interest in the affected hemisphere was analysed before and after 6 weeks of CMR. We evaluated sensorimotor function and activities of daily life pre- and post-CMR, and at 1-year post-CMR. At baseline, we found decreased FC between the right OP1/OP4 and 34 areas distributed across all lobes in stroke versus healthy adults. After CMR, only four areas had decreased FC compared to healthy adults. Compared to baseline (pre-CMR), participants improved on motor function (MESUPES arm p = 0.02; MESUPES hand p = 0.03; MESUPES total score p = 0.006); on stereognosis (p = 0.03); and on the Frenchay Activities Index (p = 0.03) at post-CMR and at 1-year follow-up. These results suggest enhanced sensorimotor recovery post-stroke after CMR. Our results justify larger-scale studies.